4 cylinders

Horizontally opposed

Fuel injected

Air cooled (Engine oil helps cooling)

Direct drive(Propeller is attached to the crank shaft directly without any reduction gear or transmission)

Normally aspirated(No turbo charge)

The propeller which maintains the RPM selected by propeller control lever constant regardless of airplane’s pitch attitude or throttle position within some range.

The pilot can select the most efficient blade angle for each phases of operation. By selecting low pitch/high RPM, you can get maximum power for takeoff. By selecting high pitch/low RPM, you can fly faster at low RPM and you can save the fuel for cruise.

When the airplane rise it’s nose, it start climb. As it climb, airspeed goes down. The RPM is also going down due to increasing drag on the blade. However, blade angle is decreased automatically to reduce the drag to maintain the RPM constant.

When the airplane drops it’s nose, it start to descend. As it descend, airspeed will increse. The RPM is also increased due to decreasing drag on the blade. However, blade angle is increased automatically to increase the drag to maintain the RPM constant.

Rear side of the engine.

The fly weight inside the governor senses the change in RPM by sensing the change in centrifugal force. It opens the pilot valve. When the RPM increase, the valve opens the line without the pump. It drains the oil back from propeller hub to increase the blade angle. When the RPM decrease, the valve opens the line with the pump. The pump send the oil to propeller hub to decrease the blade angle.

Nitrogen charged in the hub and counter weight at the root of the propeller blades.

High pressure of the oil and aerodynamic force on the prop.

It change the tension of the speeder spring. High tension requires more centrifugal force on the fly weight. It increase the RPM. Low tension requires less centrifugal force on the fly weight. It decrease the RPM.

Engine oil reservoir at the bottom of the engine.

It become high pitch. Moves toward feathering.

Move the propeller lever all the way down to the feather detent.

To reduce the drag caused by windmilling. To avoid further damage to the engine.

Nitrogen charged in the hub and counter weight at the root of the propeller blades.

Move the prop lever to high RPM position to activate the unfeathering accumulator.

It has diaphragm inside. Nitrogen is charged in one side. Engine oil is pumped in on the other side from the governor during normal operation. When the propeller lever is moved down to feather position, the valve is closed to keep high oil pressure inside the accumulator(300PSI). When the prop lever is moved to high RPM position, the valve is opened and the nitrogen push the oil back. The oil is sent to the hub through the governor and crankshaft to decrease blade angle. Once the blade angle changes, the wind pick up the prop to start windmill. In this way, the engine can be restarted without stress on the cylinders.

No. There is anti-feather lock pin which prevent the prop from feathering below 800 RPM. When the RPM is high, the pin hide inside sleeve due to centrifugal force. When the RPM is low, the spring push out the pin to stop the movement of the prop.

Fuel pump system.

4. Each engine has engine driven fuel pump and electrical boost pump.

Engine driven and electrical motor.

To start the engine as a primer. When OAT is above 95 degree F, use it for engine start, taxi, run up, takeoff, climb and landing. When the engine driven pump is inoperative.

4. Main tank and auxuary tank.

25 gallons in each main tank and 31 gallons in each aux tank. Total 112 gallons.

Each main tanks have 3 gallons of unusable fuel. Total usable fuel is 106 gallons.

Only in cruise. There is a baffle in the main tank which limits the movement of fuel to ensure fuel supply. But aux. tank doesn’t have the baffle. For this reason, main tank must be selected for takeoff and landing.

13 gallons in each main tank.

30 sec.

2. There is the fuel gauge selector switch to show both main and aux. tank.

Yes. Select main tank on the right fuel selector valve then select cross feed on the left fuel selector valve.

Only in cruise.

To balance the weight laterally when one engine is inoperative. For longer range/endurance.

Refer P.O.H.

8 plus 1. Each main, each aux. tank, each fuel strainer, each cross feed line and heater.

100.

Color. 100 is green. 100 LL is blue.

Aux. tank is selected.

Tri-cycle, retractable.

Pilot can select the position(up/down) by the gear handle. The electrical motor rotate the gear in the gear box located below the pilot seat. Bell crank is attached to the gear which moves the push-pull rods. The other ends of the push-pull rod is attached to nose gear and each main gears.

Only one.

Green light(only one). When you see green light, all three gears are down and locked.

There is mechanical indicator at the bottom of the main console.

Up-Up lock roller is supported by the up lock bar.

Down-Over center lock supported by push-pull rod.

165 MPH.

There is warning horn. When the throttle is reduced(14") with gear up, it beeps. It beeps on the ground when the gear handle is up.

The warning horn beeps. The gear will not go up because of the squat switch located on the left main gear strut.

Check master switch on, circuit breaker in, push the light bulb for test, switch the light bulb, turn the bulb to the left to brighten it.

Use check list. 1) Landing gear motor circuit breaker-pull. 2) Landing gear lever-down. 3) Hand crank counter clockwise more than 50 times. 4) Check green light. 5) Store the crank .

No. Gravity and air resistance acts against the crank. It may brake the crank.

Alternator

Two

Engine

24 volt, 50 Am

Voltage regulator maintain it at 24 volt regardless of RPM.

Two. One is in use and the other is stand by. There are switch to select one of them.

Over voltage relay shut down the line as a result of over voltage caused by spike or voltage regulator failure. Recycle the master switch in the case of spike. If you still see the light on, switch the voltage regulator.

Turn off the alternator one at a time. If the other load increase, the alternator you turned off was working.

Bus bar is a piece of metal used for the distribution of the electricity. It simplify the wiring. It is located behind the circuit breakers. There are two bus bar s. One is main bus, the other is avionics bus.

One or both load meters indicate zero. If only one indicates zero, turn off the other one to make sure it is working. If both indicate zero, check master switch on, circuit braker, switch voltage regulator. If it still indicate zero, turn off the master switch to conserve the battery.

One battery in the nose baggage compartment..

24 volt, 17 amh

Depend on the load. If you use 17 am continuously, it last 1 hour. If you use 34 am continuously, it last 1/2 hour.

Flap is actuated by electrical motor.

To operate the gyro instruments. AI and HI.

Two engine driven vacuum pumps.

5 in-hg±α

There are red flags on the vacuum gauge.